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Does the Holy Ark weigh 4 tons?



Parashat Ki Tisa
Purim and Shushan PurimHigh School Math in the TalmudWhat was in the Ark of the Covenant?Can one rely on rounded irrational numbers?The 5th Commandment - Who should be financially supported first - children or parents?Was the holy ark “self-sustained” miracle at different eras?Why was the “Ark of the Covenant” lost?What will happen if the Ark of the Covenant is discovered today?What was in the Ark of the Covenant?Cherubim on top of the arkWhy was there no ark in the second temple?Why were there two Cherubim on the ArkDoes one have to stand when the Ark is open?Was the ark placed on the ground in the mishkan?Questions regarding the wooden ark and the golden arkWas the holy ark “self-sustained” miracle at different eras?












7















I did some simple metric calculations, starting with the following measures:




  • 125 x 75 x 75 cm, based on 50cm Amah

  • The gold was 2cm thick (a finger) for the ark and 10cm thick (a Tefah) for the Kapores, weighing 19.3 g/cm3

  • The wooden ark was of the same dimensions 10cm thick and density of 1.2 g/cm3

  • The Cherubim were humanoid 100cm high made of gold

  • The Luchos were made of sapphire, 60 x 60 x 10cm, 4 g/cm3


I arrived at approximately 4 metric tons.



Are my assumptions and calculations right?










share|improve this question

























  • Wow! And you forget the poles that were connected and couldn't be removed.

    – Danny Schoemann
    9 hours ago











  • @DannySchoemann what were they made of and of what dimensions?

    – Al Berko
    9 hours ago






  • 1





    וְעָשִׂיתָ בַדֵּי עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָב - and just over 10 Amos long since they didn't quite fit into the Kodesh HaKodshim. Can't find any other details - but that's more weight - and a lot of it, as they had to be strong enough to lift the 4 Tons...

    – Danny Schoemann
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @AlBerko The Luchos were made of sapphire, not diamond.

    – DonielF
    6 hours ago











  • see bible.ort.org/books/…

    – Dr. Shmuel
    6 hours ago
















7















I did some simple metric calculations, starting with the following measures:




  • 125 x 75 x 75 cm, based on 50cm Amah

  • The gold was 2cm thick (a finger) for the ark and 10cm thick (a Tefah) for the Kapores, weighing 19.3 g/cm3

  • The wooden ark was of the same dimensions 10cm thick and density of 1.2 g/cm3

  • The Cherubim were humanoid 100cm high made of gold

  • The Luchos were made of sapphire, 60 x 60 x 10cm, 4 g/cm3


I arrived at approximately 4 metric tons.



Are my assumptions and calculations right?










share|improve this question

























  • Wow! And you forget the poles that were connected and couldn't be removed.

    – Danny Schoemann
    9 hours ago











  • @DannySchoemann what were they made of and of what dimensions?

    – Al Berko
    9 hours ago






  • 1





    וְעָשִׂיתָ בַדֵּי עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָב - and just over 10 Amos long since they didn't quite fit into the Kodesh HaKodshim. Can't find any other details - but that's more weight - and a lot of it, as they had to be strong enough to lift the 4 Tons...

    – Danny Schoemann
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @AlBerko The Luchos were made of sapphire, not diamond.

    – DonielF
    6 hours ago











  • see bible.ort.org/books/…

    – Dr. Shmuel
    6 hours ago














7












7








7








I did some simple metric calculations, starting with the following measures:




  • 125 x 75 x 75 cm, based on 50cm Amah

  • The gold was 2cm thick (a finger) for the ark and 10cm thick (a Tefah) for the Kapores, weighing 19.3 g/cm3

  • The wooden ark was of the same dimensions 10cm thick and density of 1.2 g/cm3

  • The Cherubim were humanoid 100cm high made of gold

  • The Luchos were made of sapphire, 60 x 60 x 10cm, 4 g/cm3


I arrived at approximately 4 metric tons.



Are my assumptions and calculations right?










share|improve this question
















I did some simple metric calculations, starting with the following measures:




  • 125 x 75 x 75 cm, based on 50cm Amah

  • The gold was 2cm thick (a finger) for the ark and 10cm thick (a Tefah) for the Kapores, weighing 19.3 g/cm3

  • The wooden ark was of the same dimensions 10cm thick and density of 1.2 g/cm3

  • The Cherubim were humanoid 100cm high made of gold

  • The Luchos were made of sapphire, 60 x 60 x 10cm, 4 g/cm3


I arrived at approximately 4 metric tons.



Are my assumptions and calculations right?







ark-aron-kodesh parashat-teruma






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 1 hour ago









b a

16.9k23681




16.9k23681










asked 11 hours ago









Al BerkoAl Berko

5,494526




5,494526













  • Wow! And you forget the poles that were connected and couldn't be removed.

    – Danny Schoemann
    9 hours ago











  • @DannySchoemann what were they made of and of what dimensions?

    – Al Berko
    9 hours ago






  • 1





    וְעָשִׂיתָ בַדֵּי עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָב - and just over 10 Amos long since they didn't quite fit into the Kodesh HaKodshim. Can't find any other details - but that's more weight - and a lot of it, as they had to be strong enough to lift the 4 Tons...

    – Danny Schoemann
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @AlBerko The Luchos were made of sapphire, not diamond.

    – DonielF
    6 hours ago











  • see bible.ort.org/books/…

    – Dr. Shmuel
    6 hours ago



















  • Wow! And you forget the poles that were connected and couldn't be removed.

    – Danny Schoemann
    9 hours ago











  • @DannySchoemann what were they made of and of what dimensions?

    – Al Berko
    9 hours ago






  • 1





    וְעָשִׂיתָ בַדֵּי עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָב - and just over 10 Amos long since they didn't quite fit into the Kodesh HaKodshim. Can't find any other details - but that's more weight - and a lot of it, as they had to be strong enough to lift the 4 Tons...

    – Danny Schoemann
    7 hours ago






  • 1





    @AlBerko The Luchos were made of sapphire, not diamond.

    – DonielF
    6 hours ago











  • see bible.ort.org/books/…

    – Dr. Shmuel
    6 hours ago

















Wow! And you forget the poles that were connected and couldn't be removed.

– Danny Schoemann
9 hours ago





Wow! And you forget the poles that were connected and couldn't be removed.

– Danny Schoemann
9 hours ago













@DannySchoemann what were they made of and of what dimensions?

– Al Berko
9 hours ago





@DannySchoemann what were they made of and of what dimensions?

– Al Berko
9 hours ago




1




1





וְעָשִׂיתָ בַדֵּי עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָב - and just over 10 Amos long since they didn't quite fit into the Kodesh HaKodshim. Can't find any other details - but that's more weight - and a lot of it, as they had to be strong enough to lift the 4 Tons...

– Danny Schoemann
7 hours ago





וְעָשִׂיתָ בַדֵּי עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים וְצִפִּיתָ אֹתָם זָהָב - and just over 10 Amos long since they didn't quite fit into the Kodesh HaKodshim. Can't find any other details - but that's more weight - and a lot of it, as they had to be strong enough to lift the 4 Tons...

– Danny Schoemann
7 hours ago




1




1





@AlBerko The Luchos were made of sapphire, not diamond.

– DonielF
6 hours ago





@AlBerko The Luchos were made of sapphire, not diamond.

– DonielF
6 hours ago













see bible.ort.org/books/…

– Dr. Shmuel
6 hours ago





see bible.ort.org/books/…

– Dr. Shmuel
6 hours ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















9














I go through the math here. Admittedly I use a lot of very rough estimation. I caught some mistakes in my math in the video which I have edited here, as well as adding a section below regarding the contents of the Aron.



It's important to note that according to R' Meir, the amos used are 6 tefachim each, while according to R' Yehudah, the amos used are 5 tefachim each. (All sources used to justify these and other numbers later are cited at the bottom.)





Gold



Making these conversions, according to R' Meir:




  • The outer gold box was (9.25x9.25x15.25)-(9x9x15)=89.83 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (8.5x8.5x14)-(8.25-8.25x13.75)=75.64 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x9x15=135 cubic tefachim

  • The crown I assume was one fingerbreadth thick, giving a volume of 2x(0.25x0.25x9)+2x(0.25x0.25x15)=3 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x(3x0.5x0.25)=0.75 cubic tefachim, rounding π=3

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim

  • The Keruvim, estimating based on their wingspan covering the entire Aron and scaling a human child's volume down to a height of 10 tefachim, were approximately 2x(0.56x0.56x10)+(0.25x9x15)=40.02 cubic tefachim


All of the above was made of gold, yielding a total of 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Meir.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The outer gold box was (7.75x7.75x12.75)-(7.5x7.5x12.5)=62.67 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (7.25x7.25x11.5)-(7x7x11.25)=53.22 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x7.5x12.5=93.75 cubic tefachim

  • The crown, making the same assumptions, was about 2x(0.25x.025x7.5)+2x(0.25x0.25x12.5)=2.5 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x3x0.5x0.25=0.75 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The Keruvim, using the same methodology as by R' Meir, were approximately 2x(0.67x0.67x10)+(0.25x7.5x12.5)=32.42 cubic tefachim


For a total of 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Yehudah.





Wood



The poles and middle box were both made of wood.



According to R' Meir:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim

  • The middle box was (9x9x15)-(8.5x8.5x14)=203.5 cubic tefachim


Totaling 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir, as R' Yehudah agrees to a 6-tefach amah for the building, and we derive the length of 10 amos from the building)

  • The middle box was (7.5x7.5x12.5)-(7.25x7x25x11.5)=98.66 cubic tefachim


Totaling 188.66 cubic tefachim of wood.





Converting to Metric and the Final Answer



According to Rav Moshe, a cubic tefach is equivalent to 751.83 cubic centimeters. Since the density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3, R' Meir's 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 5,002.97 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 3,565.97 kilograms.



The wood used was specifically cedar wood, which has a density of 0.58 g/cm3. R' Meir's 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 127.98 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 173.66 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 109.42 kilograms.



Adding these together yields that:




  • According to R' Meir, an empty Aron weighed 5,130.1 kilograms.

  • According to R' Yehudah, an empty Aron weighed 3,675 kilograms.




Contents of the Aron



As I noted, I discuss an empty Aron, whereas you include the Luchos in your calculations. The following additions are not discussed in the linked video.



The Aron contained:




  • At least one set of Luchos (which were 6x6x3=108 cubic tefachim for each set) made of solid sapphire (3.98g/cm3), yielding 323.49 kilograms each. According to some opinions, the shattered Luchos were also kept inside the Aron, rather than in a separate one, which doubles this number.

  • According to R' Meir, a Sefer Torah. (I'll leave its weight as an exercise to the reader; it was 2 tefachim wide by 6 tefachim tall. According to R' Yehudah, it was kept with the Aron, but not in it.)

  • According to R' Yehudah, silver rods (two at 1 tefach wide by 7 tefachim long = 5.25 cubic tefachim at 10.49g/cm3 yields 41.41 kilograms)

  • A jar of mann, a jar of anointing oil, and Aharon's staff were all placed next to the Aron, so their weights don't count for our purposes.




Conclusion



Four metric tons (=4000 kilograms) isn't a bad estimate...for an empty Aron. For a full one, you're waaaay off.





Sources




  • Eruvin 14a-b - justifies π=3

  • Bava Basra 14a for most of the numbers mentioned, as well as the dispute between R' Meir and R' Yehudah

  • Tosfos to Menachos 98b regarding the rings

  • Yoma 72b regarding the nested boxes

  • Sukkah 5a-b regarding the cover and the Keruvim






share|improve this answer





















  • 1





    This is very impressive. Is there a script somewhere one could read instead of listening to the whole video?

    – mbloch
    5 hours ago






  • 1





    @mbloch B”N I can summarize some of it later, I don’t have time to write a transcription right now.

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    @rosends נושא את נושאיו

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz And this is why I shouldn’t do these posts when I’m half asleep. Thanks!

    – DonielF
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/99733/…

    – DonielF
    51 mins ago



















1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









9














I go through the math here. Admittedly I use a lot of very rough estimation. I caught some mistakes in my math in the video which I have edited here, as well as adding a section below regarding the contents of the Aron.



It's important to note that according to R' Meir, the amos used are 6 tefachim each, while according to R' Yehudah, the amos used are 5 tefachim each. (All sources used to justify these and other numbers later are cited at the bottom.)





Gold



Making these conversions, according to R' Meir:




  • The outer gold box was (9.25x9.25x15.25)-(9x9x15)=89.83 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (8.5x8.5x14)-(8.25-8.25x13.75)=75.64 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x9x15=135 cubic tefachim

  • The crown I assume was one fingerbreadth thick, giving a volume of 2x(0.25x0.25x9)+2x(0.25x0.25x15)=3 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x(3x0.5x0.25)=0.75 cubic tefachim, rounding π=3

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim

  • The Keruvim, estimating based on their wingspan covering the entire Aron and scaling a human child's volume down to a height of 10 tefachim, were approximately 2x(0.56x0.56x10)+(0.25x9x15)=40.02 cubic tefachim


All of the above was made of gold, yielding a total of 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Meir.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The outer gold box was (7.75x7.75x12.75)-(7.5x7.5x12.5)=62.67 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (7.25x7.25x11.5)-(7x7x11.25)=53.22 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x7.5x12.5=93.75 cubic tefachim

  • The crown, making the same assumptions, was about 2x(0.25x.025x7.5)+2x(0.25x0.25x12.5)=2.5 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x3x0.5x0.25=0.75 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The Keruvim, using the same methodology as by R' Meir, were approximately 2x(0.67x0.67x10)+(0.25x7.5x12.5)=32.42 cubic tefachim


For a total of 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Yehudah.





Wood



The poles and middle box were both made of wood.



According to R' Meir:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim

  • The middle box was (9x9x15)-(8.5x8.5x14)=203.5 cubic tefachim


Totaling 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir, as R' Yehudah agrees to a 6-tefach amah for the building, and we derive the length of 10 amos from the building)

  • The middle box was (7.5x7.5x12.5)-(7.25x7x25x11.5)=98.66 cubic tefachim


Totaling 188.66 cubic tefachim of wood.





Converting to Metric and the Final Answer



According to Rav Moshe, a cubic tefach is equivalent to 751.83 cubic centimeters. Since the density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3, R' Meir's 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 5,002.97 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 3,565.97 kilograms.



The wood used was specifically cedar wood, which has a density of 0.58 g/cm3. R' Meir's 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 127.98 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 173.66 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 109.42 kilograms.



Adding these together yields that:




  • According to R' Meir, an empty Aron weighed 5,130.1 kilograms.

  • According to R' Yehudah, an empty Aron weighed 3,675 kilograms.




Contents of the Aron



As I noted, I discuss an empty Aron, whereas you include the Luchos in your calculations. The following additions are not discussed in the linked video.



The Aron contained:




  • At least one set of Luchos (which were 6x6x3=108 cubic tefachim for each set) made of solid sapphire (3.98g/cm3), yielding 323.49 kilograms each. According to some opinions, the shattered Luchos were also kept inside the Aron, rather than in a separate one, which doubles this number.

  • According to R' Meir, a Sefer Torah. (I'll leave its weight as an exercise to the reader; it was 2 tefachim wide by 6 tefachim tall. According to R' Yehudah, it was kept with the Aron, but not in it.)

  • According to R' Yehudah, silver rods (two at 1 tefach wide by 7 tefachim long = 5.25 cubic tefachim at 10.49g/cm3 yields 41.41 kilograms)

  • A jar of mann, a jar of anointing oil, and Aharon's staff were all placed next to the Aron, so their weights don't count for our purposes.




Conclusion



Four metric tons (=4000 kilograms) isn't a bad estimate...for an empty Aron. For a full one, you're waaaay off.





Sources




  • Eruvin 14a-b - justifies π=3

  • Bava Basra 14a for most of the numbers mentioned, as well as the dispute between R' Meir and R' Yehudah

  • Tosfos to Menachos 98b regarding the rings

  • Yoma 72b regarding the nested boxes

  • Sukkah 5a-b regarding the cover and the Keruvim






share|improve this answer





















  • 1





    This is very impressive. Is there a script somewhere one could read instead of listening to the whole video?

    – mbloch
    5 hours ago






  • 1





    @mbloch B”N I can summarize some of it later, I don’t have time to write a transcription right now.

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    @rosends נושא את נושאיו

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz And this is why I shouldn’t do these posts when I’m half asleep. Thanks!

    – DonielF
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/99733/…

    – DonielF
    51 mins ago
















9














I go through the math here. Admittedly I use a lot of very rough estimation. I caught some mistakes in my math in the video which I have edited here, as well as adding a section below regarding the contents of the Aron.



It's important to note that according to R' Meir, the amos used are 6 tefachim each, while according to R' Yehudah, the amos used are 5 tefachim each. (All sources used to justify these and other numbers later are cited at the bottom.)





Gold



Making these conversions, according to R' Meir:




  • The outer gold box was (9.25x9.25x15.25)-(9x9x15)=89.83 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (8.5x8.5x14)-(8.25-8.25x13.75)=75.64 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x9x15=135 cubic tefachim

  • The crown I assume was one fingerbreadth thick, giving a volume of 2x(0.25x0.25x9)+2x(0.25x0.25x15)=3 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x(3x0.5x0.25)=0.75 cubic tefachim, rounding π=3

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim

  • The Keruvim, estimating based on their wingspan covering the entire Aron and scaling a human child's volume down to a height of 10 tefachim, were approximately 2x(0.56x0.56x10)+(0.25x9x15)=40.02 cubic tefachim


All of the above was made of gold, yielding a total of 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Meir.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The outer gold box was (7.75x7.75x12.75)-(7.5x7.5x12.5)=62.67 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (7.25x7.25x11.5)-(7x7x11.25)=53.22 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x7.5x12.5=93.75 cubic tefachim

  • The crown, making the same assumptions, was about 2x(0.25x.025x7.5)+2x(0.25x0.25x12.5)=2.5 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x3x0.5x0.25=0.75 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The Keruvim, using the same methodology as by R' Meir, were approximately 2x(0.67x0.67x10)+(0.25x7.5x12.5)=32.42 cubic tefachim


For a total of 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Yehudah.





Wood



The poles and middle box were both made of wood.



According to R' Meir:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim

  • The middle box was (9x9x15)-(8.5x8.5x14)=203.5 cubic tefachim


Totaling 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir, as R' Yehudah agrees to a 6-tefach amah for the building, and we derive the length of 10 amos from the building)

  • The middle box was (7.5x7.5x12.5)-(7.25x7x25x11.5)=98.66 cubic tefachim


Totaling 188.66 cubic tefachim of wood.





Converting to Metric and the Final Answer



According to Rav Moshe, a cubic tefach is equivalent to 751.83 cubic centimeters. Since the density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3, R' Meir's 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 5,002.97 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 3,565.97 kilograms.



The wood used was specifically cedar wood, which has a density of 0.58 g/cm3. R' Meir's 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 127.98 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 173.66 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 109.42 kilograms.



Adding these together yields that:




  • According to R' Meir, an empty Aron weighed 5,130.1 kilograms.

  • According to R' Yehudah, an empty Aron weighed 3,675 kilograms.




Contents of the Aron



As I noted, I discuss an empty Aron, whereas you include the Luchos in your calculations. The following additions are not discussed in the linked video.



The Aron contained:




  • At least one set of Luchos (which were 6x6x3=108 cubic tefachim for each set) made of solid sapphire (3.98g/cm3), yielding 323.49 kilograms each. According to some opinions, the shattered Luchos were also kept inside the Aron, rather than in a separate one, which doubles this number.

  • According to R' Meir, a Sefer Torah. (I'll leave its weight as an exercise to the reader; it was 2 tefachim wide by 6 tefachim tall. According to R' Yehudah, it was kept with the Aron, but not in it.)

  • According to R' Yehudah, silver rods (two at 1 tefach wide by 7 tefachim long = 5.25 cubic tefachim at 10.49g/cm3 yields 41.41 kilograms)

  • A jar of mann, a jar of anointing oil, and Aharon's staff were all placed next to the Aron, so their weights don't count for our purposes.




Conclusion



Four metric tons (=4000 kilograms) isn't a bad estimate...for an empty Aron. For a full one, you're waaaay off.





Sources




  • Eruvin 14a-b - justifies π=3

  • Bava Basra 14a for most of the numbers mentioned, as well as the dispute between R' Meir and R' Yehudah

  • Tosfos to Menachos 98b regarding the rings

  • Yoma 72b regarding the nested boxes

  • Sukkah 5a-b regarding the cover and the Keruvim






share|improve this answer





















  • 1





    This is very impressive. Is there a script somewhere one could read instead of listening to the whole video?

    – mbloch
    5 hours ago






  • 1





    @mbloch B”N I can summarize some of it later, I don’t have time to write a transcription right now.

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    @rosends נושא את נושאיו

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz And this is why I shouldn’t do these posts when I’m half asleep. Thanks!

    – DonielF
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/99733/…

    – DonielF
    51 mins ago














9












9








9







I go through the math here. Admittedly I use a lot of very rough estimation. I caught some mistakes in my math in the video which I have edited here, as well as adding a section below regarding the contents of the Aron.



It's important to note that according to R' Meir, the amos used are 6 tefachim each, while according to R' Yehudah, the amos used are 5 tefachim each. (All sources used to justify these and other numbers later are cited at the bottom.)





Gold



Making these conversions, according to R' Meir:




  • The outer gold box was (9.25x9.25x15.25)-(9x9x15)=89.83 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (8.5x8.5x14)-(8.25-8.25x13.75)=75.64 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x9x15=135 cubic tefachim

  • The crown I assume was one fingerbreadth thick, giving a volume of 2x(0.25x0.25x9)+2x(0.25x0.25x15)=3 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x(3x0.5x0.25)=0.75 cubic tefachim, rounding π=3

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim

  • The Keruvim, estimating based on their wingspan covering the entire Aron and scaling a human child's volume down to a height of 10 tefachim, were approximately 2x(0.56x0.56x10)+(0.25x9x15)=40.02 cubic tefachim


All of the above was made of gold, yielding a total of 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Meir.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The outer gold box was (7.75x7.75x12.75)-(7.5x7.5x12.5)=62.67 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (7.25x7.25x11.5)-(7x7x11.25)=53.22 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x7.5x12.5=93.75 cubic tefachim

  • The crown, making the same assumptions, was about 2x(0.25x.025x7.5)+2x(0.25x0.25x12.5)=2.5 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x3x0.5x0.25=0.75 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The Keruvim, using the same methodology as by R' Meir, were approximately 2x(0.67x0.67x10)+(0.25x7.5x12.5)=32.42 cubic tefachim


For a total of 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Yehudah.





Wood



The poles and middle box were both made of wood.



According to R' Meir:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim

  • The middle box was (9x9x15)-(8.5x8.5x14)=203.5 cubic tefachim


Totaling 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir, as R' Yehudah agrees to a 6-tefach amah for the building, and we derive the length of 10 amos from the building)

  • The middle box was (7.5x7.5x12.5)-(7.25x7x25x11.5)=98.66 cubic tefachim


Totaling 188.66 cubic tefachim of wood.





Converting to Metric and the Final Answer



According to Rav Moshe, a cubic tefach is equivalent to 751.83 cubic centimeters. Since the density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3, R' Meir's 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 5,002.97 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 3,565.97 kilograms.



The wood used was specifically cedar wood, which has a density of 0.58 g/cm3. R' Meir's 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 127.98 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 173.66 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 109.42 kilograms.



Adding these together yields that:




  • According to R' Meir, an empty Aron weighed 5,130.1 kilograms.

  • According to R' Yehudah, an empty Aron weighed 3,675 kilograms.




Contents of the Aron



As I noted, I discuss an empty Aron, whereas you include the Luchos in your calculations. The following additions are not discussed in the linked video.



The Aron contained:




  • At least one set of Luchos (which were 6x6x3=108 cubic tefachim for each set) made of solid sapphire (3.98g/cm3), yielding 323.49 kilograms each. According to some opinions, the shattered Luchos were also kept inside the Aron, rather than in a separate one, which doubles this number.

  • According to R' Meir, a Sefer Torah. (I'll leave its weight as an exercise to the reader; it was 2 tefachim wide by 6 tefachim tall. According to R' Yehudah, it was kept with the Aron, but not in it.)

  • According to R' Yehudah, silver rods (two at 1 tefach wide by 7 tefachim long = 5.25 cubic tefachim at 10.49g/cm3 yields 41.41 kilograms)

  • A jar of mann, a jar of anointing oil, and Aharon's staff were all placed next to the Aron, so their weights don't count for our purposes.




Conclusion



Four metric tons (=4000 kilograms) isn't a bad estimate...for an empty Aron. For a full one, you're waaaay off.





Sources




  • Eruvin 14a-b - justifies π=3

  • Bava Basra 14a for most of the numbers mentioned, as well as the dispute between R' Meir and R' Yehudah

  • Tosfos to Menachos 98b regarding the rings

  • Yoma 72b regarding the nested boxes

  • Sukkah 5a-b regarding the cover and the Keruvim






share|improve this answer















I go through the math here. Admittedly I use a lot of very rough estimation. I caught some mistakes in my math in the video which I have edited here, as well as adding a section below regarding the contents of the Aron.



It's important to note that according to R' Meir, the amos used are 6 tefachim each, while according to R' Yehudah, the amos used are 5 tefachim each. (All sources used to justify these and other numbers later are cited at the bottom.)





Gold



Making these conversions, according to R' Meir:




  • The outer gold box was (9.25x9.25x15.25)-(9x9x15)=89.83 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (8.5x8.5x14)-(8.25-8.25x13.75)=75.64 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x9x15=135 cubic tefachim

  • The crown I assume was one fingerbreadth thick, giving a volume of 2x(0.25x0.25x9)+2x(0.25x0.25x15)=3 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x(3x0.5x0.25)=0.75 cubic tefachim, rounding π=3

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim

  • The Keruvim, estimating based on their wingspan covering the entire Aron and scaling a human child's volume down to a height of 10 tefachim, were approximately 2x(0.56x0.56x10)+(0.25x9x15)=40.02 cubic tefachim


All of the above was made of gold, yielding a total of 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Meir.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The outer gold box was (7.75x7.75x12.75)-(7.5x7.5x12.5)=62.67 cubic tefachim

  • The inner gold box was (7.25x7.25x11.5)-(7x7x11.25)=53.22 cubic tefachim

  • The cover was 1x7.5x12.5=93.75 cubic tefachim

  • The crown, making the same assumptions, was about 2x(0.25x.025x7.5)+2x(0.25x0.25x12.5)=2.5 cubic tefachim

  • The plating of the poles was approximately 2x3x0.5x0.25=0.75 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The rings were 4x(3x0.1252)x(2x3x0.625)=0.19 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir)

  • The Keruvim, using the same methodology as by R' Meir, were approximately 2x(0.67x0.67x10)+(0.25x7.5x12.5)=32.42 cubic tefachim


For a total of 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold according to R' Yehudah.





Wood



The poles and middle box were both made of wood.



According to R' Meir:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim

  • The middle box was (9x9x15)-(8.5x8.5x14)=203.5 cubic tefachim


Totaling 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood.



According to R' Yehudah:




  • The poles were 2x3x.52x60=90 cubic tefachim (same as R' Meir, as R' Yehudah agrees to a 6-tefach amah for the building, and we derive the length of 10 amos from the building)

  • The middle box was (7.5x7.5x12.5)-(7.25x7x25x11.5)=98.66 cubic tefachim


Totaling 188.66 cubic tefachim of wood.





Converting to Metric and the Final Answer



According to Rav Moshe, a cubic tefach is equivalent to 751.83 cubic centimeters. Since the density of gold is 19.32 g/cm3, R' Meir's 344.43 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 5,002.97 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 245.5 cubic tefachim of gold weighs 3,565.97 kilograms.



The wood used was specifically cedar wood, which has a density of 0.58 g/cm3. R' Meir's 293.5 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 127.98 kilograms, and R' Yehudah's 173.66 cubic tefachim of wood weighs 109.42 kilograms.



Adding these together yields that:




  • According to R' Meir, an empty Aron weighed 5,130.1 kilograms.

  • According to R' Yehudah, an empty Aron weighed 3,675 kilograms.




Contents of the Aron



As I noted, I discuss an empty Aron, whereas you include the Luchos in your calculations. The following additions are not discussed in the linked video.



The Aron contained:




  • At least one set of Luchos (which were 6x6x3=108 cubic tefachim for each set) made of solid sapphire (3.98g/cm3), yielding 323.49 kilograms each. According to some opinions, the shattered Luchos were also kept inside the Aron, rather than in a separate one, which doubles this number.

  • According to R' Meir, a Sefer Torah. (I'll leave its weight as an exercise to the reader; it was 2 tefachim wide by 6 tefachim tall. According to R' Yehudah, it was kept with the Aron, but not in it.)

  • According to R' Yehudah, silver rods (two at 1 tefach wide by 7 tefachim long = 5.25 cubic tefachim at 10.49g/cm3 yields 41.41 kilograms)

  • A jar of mann, a jar of anointing oil, and Aharon's staff were all placed next to the Aron, so their weights don't count for our purposes.




Conclusion



Four metric tons (=4000 kilograms) isn't a bad estimate...for an empty Aron. For a full one, you're waaaay off.





Sources




  • Eruvin 14a-b - justifies π=3

  • Bava Basra 14a for most of the numbers mentioned, as well as the dispute between R' Meir and R' Yehudah

  • Tosfos to Menachos 98b regarding the rings

  • Yoma 72b regarding the nested boxes

  • Sukkah 5a-b regarding the cover and the Keruvim







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 1 hour ago

























answered 6 hours ago









DonielFDonielF

13.5k12175




13.5k12175








  • 1





    This is very impressive. Is there a script somewhere one could read instead of listening to the whole video?

    – mbloch
    5 hours ago






  • 1





    @mbloch B”N I can summarize some of it later, I don’t have time to write a transcription right now.

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    @rosends נושא את נושאיו

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz And this is why I shouldn’t do these posts when I’m half asleep. Thanks!

    – DonielF
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/99733/…

    – DonielF
    51 mins ago














  • 1





    This is very impressive. Is there a script somewhere one could read instead of listening to the whole video?

    – mbloch
    5 hours ago






  • 1





    @mbloch B”N I can summarize some of it later, I don’t have time to write a transcription right now.

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 3





    @rosends נושא את נושאיו

    – DonielF
    5 hours ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz And this is why I shouldn’t do these posts when I’m half asleep. Thanks!

    – DonielF
    1 hour ago






  • 2





    @manassehkatz judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/99733/…

    – DonielF
    51 mins ago








1




1





This is very impressive. Is there a script somewhere one could read instead of listening to the whole video?

– mbloch
5 hours ago





This is very impressive. Is there a script somewhere one could read instead of listening to the whole video?

– mbloch
5 hours ago




1




1





@mbloch B”N I can summarize some of it later, I don’t have time to write a transcription right now.

– DonielF
5 hours ago





@mbloch B”N I can summarize some of it later, I don’t have time to write a transcription right now.

– DonielF
5 hours ago




3




3





@rosends נושא את נושאיו

– DonielF
5 hours ago





@rosends נושא את נושאיו

– DonielF
5 hours ago




2




2





@manassehkatz And this is why I shouldn’t do these posts when I’m half asleep. Thanks!

– DonielF
1 hour ago





@manassehkatz And this is why I shouldn’t do these posts when I’m half asleep. Thanks!

– DonielF
1 hour ago




2




2





@manassehkatz judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/99733/…

– DonielF
51 mins ago





@manassehkatz judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/99733/…

– DonielF
51 mins ago



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